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10. cdkts

• 🎯 True TypeScript-first experience - No generated bindings required
• 🚀 Built for Deno - Modern runtime, built-in TypeScript, secure by default
• 📦 Zero Node.js dependencies - No npm install, no node_modules
• 🔧 Direct HCL synthesis - Clean, readable Terraform/OpenTofu configurations
• 🌐 Native provider support - Work with any Terraform provider
• 🔥 Deno Bridge Provider - Write custom providers in TypeScript, not Go
• 📦 Standalone compilation - Bundle stacks into single executables
• 🎨 Type-safe inputs/outputs - Catch errors at compile time

Features

Core Capabilities

• Type-Safe Stack Definition: Define stacks with compile-time type safety for inputs and outputs
• HCL Synthesis: Generate clean, readable Terraform/OpenTofu configurations
• Automation API: Programmatically init, plan, apply, and destroy infrastructure
• CLI Tool: Familiar terraform/opentofu-like CLI experience with TypeScript stacks
• Multiple Stack Support: Coordinate multiple stacks with dependencies
• Binary Management: Automatically download and cache Terraform/OpenTofu binaries

Advanced Features

• Inline Stacks: Execute stacks directly without separate files
• Bundled Stacks: Compile stacks to standalone executables (includes binaries!)
• Deno Bridge Provider: Implement provider logic in TypeScript using the terraform-provider-denobridge
• Custom Resources: Define resources with full CRUD lifecycle in TypeScript
• Custom Data Sources: Implement data sources in TypeScript
• Custom Actions: Run TypeScript code during terraform lifecycle events
• Ephemeral Resources: Support for temporary resources during operations
• Deno Backend: Implement custom state backends entirely in TypeScript

Installation

Using JSR Package

# Add to your deno.json imports
deno add jsr:@brad-jones/cdkts

// And import using the import map
import { Stack } from "@brad-jones/cdkts/constructs";
import { Project } from "@brad-jones/cdkts/automate";

// Or import directly without any deno config
import { Stack } from "jsr:@brad-jones/cdkts/constructs";
import { Project } from "jsr:@brad-jones/cdkts/automate";

Using the CLI

You have at least 3 ways to invoke the CLI using deno

• Using Deno Install (Recommended):
  deno install --global -A -f jsr:@brad-jones/cdkts/cli
  Then just call the installed command like: cdkts apply ./my_stack
  see: https://docs.deno.com/runtime/reference/cli/install/

• Using the new DX Alias (Deno's version of npx):
  deno x jsr:@brad-jones/cdkts/cli or just dx jsr:@brad-jones/cdkts/cli
  see: https://deno.com/blog/v2.6

• And of course good old Deno Run:
  deno run -A jsr:@brad-jones/cdkts/cli
  see: https://docs.deno.com/runtime/reference/cli/run/

Compiled Binary

The CLI is also packaged as a statically compiled binary, that includes an embedded copy of the deno runtime. Consider this to be experimental!

Download direct from: https://github.com/brad-jones/cdkts/releases

Pixi

Or install with pixi.

Add my channel: https://prefix.dev/channels/brads-forge/packages/cdkts

# Add just to your current pixi workspace
pixi workspace channel add https://prefix.dev/brads-forge

# Or add to your global config
pixi --global config append default-channels https://prefix.dev/brads-forge

# Then install
pixi add cdkts

Quick Start

1. Create Your First Stack

Create my_stack.ts:

import { Resource, Stack, Terraform } from "@brad-jones/cdkts/constructs";

export default class MyStack extends Stack<typeof MyStack> {
  constructor() {
    super(`${import.meta.url}#${MyStack.name}`);

    new Terraform(this, {
      requiredVersion: ">=1,<2.0",
      requiredProviders: {
        local: {
          source: "hashicorp/local",
          version: "2.6.1",
        },
      },
    });

    new Resource(this, "local_file", "hello", {
      filename: "${path.module}/message.txt",
      content: "Hello World",
    });
  }
}

2. Apply Your Stack

cdkts apply ./my_stack.ts

That's it! CDKTS will:

1. Synthesize your TypeScript to HCL
2. Download OpenTofu (or Terraform)
3. Initialize the project
4. Apply the configuration

Core Concepts

Stack

A Stack is the fundamental unit in CDKTS. It represents a complete Terraform/OpenTofu configuration:

export default class MyStack extends Stack<typeof MyStack> {
  static override readonly Props = class extends Stack.Props {
    // Define inputs
    filename = new Stack.Input();
    // Define outputs
    contentHash = new Stack.Output();
  };

  constructor() {
    super(`${import.meta.url}#${MyStack.name}`);

    // Add resources, providers, etc.
    const file = new Resource(this, "local_file", "hello", {
      filename: this.inputs.filename,
      content: "Hello World",
    });

    this.outputs = {
      contentHash: file.outputs.content_sha256,
    };
  }
}

Type-Safe Inputs and Outputs

CDKTS provides compile-time type safety for stack inputs and outputs:

static override readonly Props = class extends Stack.Props {
  // String input (default type)
  filename = new Stack.Input();

  // Typed input
  port = new Stack.Input<number>({ default: 8080 });

  // Optional input with description
  region = new Stack.Input({
    default: "us-west-2",
    description: "AWS region"
  });

  // Outputs
  instanceId = new Stack.Output<string>({
    description: "The EC2 instance ID",
    sensitive: true
  });
};

Resources

Define any Terraform resource using the generic Resource construct:

new Resource(this, "aws_instance", "web", {
  ami: "ami-12345678",
  instance_type: "t3.micro",
  tags: {
    Name: "WebServer",
  },
});

Project (Automation API)

The Project class provides programmatic control over the Terraform/OpenTofu lifecycle:

import { Project } from "@brad-jones/cdkts/automate";
import MyStack from "./my_stack.ts";

await using project = new Project({
  stack: new MyStack(),
});

// Initialize
await project.init();

// Plan
const plan = await project.plan();

// Apply
const state = await project.apply(plan);
console.log(state.values?.outputs);

// Destroy
await project.destroy();

Examples

The examples/ directory contains progressively more advanced examples:

1. Hello World - Basic stack with a single resource
2. Inputs and Outputs - Type-safe parameterization
3. Deno Bridge Provider - Custom providers in TypeScript
4. Inline Stack - Execute without separate stack files
5. Bundled Stack - Compile to standalone executable
6. Multiple Stacks - Coordinate dependent stacks
7. Deno Backend - Custom state backend in TypeScript

CLI Usage

CDKTS provides a CLI that wraps Terraform/OpenTofu with TypeScript stack support:

Common Commands

# Initialize a stack
cdkts init ./my_stack.ts

# Plan changes
cdkts plan ./my_stack.ts

# Apply configuration
cdkts apply ./my_stack.ts

# Destroy infrastructure
cdkts destroy ./my_stack.ts

# Validate configuration
cdkts validate ./my_stack.ts

# View outputs
cdkts output ./my_stack.ts

Pass-Through Arguments

All commands support pass-through arguments using --:

# Pass flags to terraform/opentofu
cdkts plan ./my_stack.ts -- -var="instance_type=t3.micro" -out=tfplan
cdkts apply ./my_stack.ts -- -auto-approve -parallelism=10

Environment Variables

Configure CDKTS behavior via environment variables:

# Use Terraform instead of OpenTofu
export CDKTS_FLAVOR=terraform

# Use a specific binary
export CDKTS_TF_BINARY_PATH=/usr/local/bin/terraform

# Specify version to download
export CDKTS_TF_VERSION=1.11.4

# Set project directory
export CDKTS_PROJECT_DIR=./build/terraform

Escape Hatch

Execute any Terraform/OpenTofu command not explicitly wrapped:

cdkts show ./my_stack.ts
cdkts state list ./my_stack.ts
cdkts console ./my_stack.ts

Advanced Usage

Multiple Stacks with Dependencies

Coordinate multiple stacks and pass outputs between them:

import { Project } from "@brad-jones/cdkts/automate";
import Stack1 from "./stack_1.ts";
import Stack2 from "./stack_2.ts";

// Apply first stack
let state1;
{
  await using project = new Project({ stack: new Stack1() });
  state1 = await project.apply();
}

// Pass outputs to second stack
{
  await using project = new Project({
    stack: new Stack2({
      dbEndpoint: state1.values!.outputs!.dbEndpoint.value,
    }),
  });
  await project.apply();
}

Bundled Stacks (Standalone Executables)

Compile your stack into a single executable that includes everything:

import { StackBundler } from "@brad-jones/cdkts/automate";

await new StackBundler({
  stackFilePath: "./my_stack.ts",
  outputPath: "./dist/my_stack",
  targets: ["linux-x86_64", "darwin-aarch64", "windows-x86_64"],
  tfVersion: "1.11.4",
  flavor: "tofu",
}).bundle();

This creates executables that:

• Include the compiled TypeScript stack
• Embed the Terraform/OpenTofu binary
• Embed the .terraform.lock.hcl lock file
• As well as the providers that match the lock file
• Requiring no external dependencies
• Can be shipped as single files

Also available via the CLI @ cdkts bundle

Deno Bridge Provider

https://github.com/brad-jones/terraform-provider-denobridge

Write custom Terraform providers in TypeScript:

import { DenoResource } from "@brad-jones/cdkts/constructs";
import { ZodResourceProvider } from "@brad-jones/terraform-provider-denobridge";
import { z } from "@zod/zod";

// >>> Define your type safe schemas (Zod is optional but recommend)
// -----------------------------------------------------------------
const Props = z.object({
  path: z.string(),
  content: z.string(),
});

const State = z.object({
  mtime: z.number(),
});

// >>> Define the Construct class that you use in your Stack
// -----------------------------------------------------------------
export class FileResource extends DenoResource<typeof FileResource> {
  static override readonly Props = class extends DenoResource.Props {
    override props = new DenoResource.ZodInput(Props);
    override state = new DenoResource.ZodOutput(State);
  };

  constructor(parent: Construct, label: string, props: z.infer<typeof Props>) {
    super(parent, label, {
      props,
      path: import.meta.url, // <<<--- This is the key, it tells the denobridge provider to run this same script.
      permissions: { all: true },
    });
  }
}

// >>> Define the Provider for the Construct (runs via JSON-RPC)
// -----------------------------------------------------------------
if (import.meta.main) {
  new ZodResourceProvider(Props, State, {
    async create({ path, content }) {
      await Deno.writeTextFile(path, content);
      return {
        id: path,
        state: { mtime: (await Deno.stat(path)).mtime!.getTime() },
      };
    },
    async read({ id }) {
      const stat = await Deno.stat(id);
      return { state: { mtime: stat.mtime!.getTime() } };
    },
    async update({ id, props: { content } }) {
      await Deno.writeTextFile(id, content);
      return { state: { mtime: (await Deno.stat(id)).mtime!.getTime() } };
    },
    async delete({ id }) {
      await Deno.remove(id);
    },
  });
}

See the Deno Bridge example for complete examples of resources, data sources, actions, and ephemeral resources.

Deno Backend

Implement custom Terraform/OpenTofu state backends entirely in TypeScript. The DenoBackend wraps the HTTP backend and automatically starts a local HTTPS server that routes state operations to your handler methods:

import { DenoBackend, RawHcl, Resource, Stack, Terraform } from "@brad-jones/cdkts/constructs";

export default class MyStack extends Stack<typeof MyStack> {
  constructor() {
    super(`${import.meta.url}#${MyStack.name}`);

    new Terraform(this, {
      requiredVersion: ">=1,<2.0",
      requiredProviders: {
        local: { source: "hashicorp/local", version: "2.6.1" },
      },
    }, (tf) => {
      const stateFile = "./terraform.tfstate";

      new DenoBackend(tf, {
        handlers: {
          getState: async () => {
            try {
              return await Deno.readFile(stateFile);
            } catch {
              return null;
            }
          },
          updateState: async (body) => {
            await Deno.writeFile(stateFile, body);
          },
          deleteState: async () => {
            try {
              await Deno.remove(stateFile);
            } catch { /* noop */ }
          },
        },
      });
    });

    new Resource(this, "local_file", "hello", {
      filename: new RawHcl('"${path.module}/message.txt"'),
      content: "Hello from Deno Backend!",
    });
  }
}

Under the hood, DenoBackend:

1. Generates a self-signed TLS certificate for localhost
2. Generates random basic auth credentials
3. Starts an HTTPS server that maps HTTP methods (GET, POST, DELETE, LOCK, UNLOCK) to your handlers
4. Injects the server address and credentials into Terraform via TF_HTTP_* env vars
5. Shuts down the server during project cleanup

Optional lock and unlock handlers enable state locking. The construct is designed to be extended — build higher-level abstractions like file-based, database-backed, or cloud storage backends on top of it.

See the Deno Backend example for a complete working example.

API Overview

Constructs

• Construct: Base class for all constructs
  • Stack: Base class for defining stacks. Is the "root" Construct.
  • Block: Extends the Construct to express any valid HCL block
    • Terraform: Extends Block, to provide the Terraform settings block
      • Backend: Extends Block, to provide a generic backend block
        • LocalBackend: Extends Backend, to provide a type safe local backend block
        • RemoteBackend: Extends Backend, to provide a type safe remote backend block
        • HttpBackend: Extends Backend, to provide a type safe HTTP backend block
          • DenoBackend: Extends HttpBackend, implements a state backend with TypeScript handlers
        • TODO: remaining backends but you can still express any backend with the base Backend block.
    • Provider: Extends Block, to provide a generic provider block
      • DenoBridgeProvider: Extends Provider, to provide a type safe denobridge provider block.
    • Action - Extends Block, to provide a generic action block
      • DenoAction: Extends Action, to provide a generic denobridge_action block.
    • Resource - Extends Block, to provide a generic resource block
      • DenoResource: Extends Resource, to provide a generic denobridge_resource block.
    • EphemeralResource - Extends Block, to provide a generic ephemeral block
      • DenoEphemeralResource: Extends Resource, to provide a generic denobridge_resource block.
    • DataSource - Extends Block, to provide a generic datasource block
      • DenoDataSource: Extends DataSource, to provide a generic denobridge_datasource block.
    • Variable - Declares an input variable, allowing configurations to be parameterized without modifying source code.
    • Output - Exports a value from a stack, making it available for inspection after apply or for consumption by other configurations.
    • Module - Calls a reusable Terraform/OpenTofu module (local path, registry, or remote source).
    • Local - Assigns a name to an expression so it can be reused multiple times within a configuration without repetition.
    • Check - Validates infrastructure outside the typical resource lifecycle.
    • Assertion - Declares a validation condition within a Check block.
    • Import - Imports existing infrastructure resources into Terraform state so they can be managed as code.
    • Moved - Renames or relocates a resource/module in Terraform state without destroying and recreating it.
    • Removed - Removes a resource from Terraform state without keeping the original resource block.

Remember any block that is currently not implemented can still be expressed directly with the Block class!

Automation

• Project - Lifecycle management (init, plan, apply, destroy)
• DenoBackendServer - HTTPS server for DenoBackend state handlers
• StackBundler - Compile stacks to executables